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Comments on: An unseen cost of shifting from income tax to GST http://www.tvhe.co.nz/2010/02/10/an-unseen-cost-of-shifting-from-income-tax-to-gst/ The Visible Hand in Economics Wed, 17 Feb 2010 22:18:50 +0000 hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 By: steve http://www.tvhe.co.nz/2010/02/10/an-unseen-cost-of-shifting-from-income-tax-to-gst/#comment-23045 Wed, 17 Feb 2010 22:18:50 +0000 http://www.tvhe.co.nz/?p=4741#comment-23045 As an alternative to the land-tax idea, I wonder if they could just impose GST on rent? Its prob about the same ammount, evens out the incentives between spending on housing and spending on all other goods, although is a little distortionary in terms of owning your own home.

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By: lonewolf http://www.tvhe.co.nz/2010/02/10/an-unseen-cost-of-shifting-from-income-tax-to-gst/#comment-23016 Mon, 15 Feb 2010 17:31:26 +0000 http://www.tvhe.co.nz/?p=4741#comment-23016 It definitely isn’t fixing any of the EMTR issues. But my impression was that ALL tax brackets and rates were being reduced to compensate for the change in GST.

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By: Matt Nolan http://www.tvhe.co.nz/2010/02/10/an-unseen-cost-of-shifting-from-income-tax-to-gst/#comment-22959 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 19:47:10 +0000 http://www.tvhe.co.nz/?p=4741#comment-22959 @rauparaha

“To be more specific, I wouldn’t deny that there is SOME smoothing done, but current consumption isn’t independent of current income”

No-one made that claim though – all you require is some consumption smoothing, and thereby some credit constraint, to make the result hold.

I do not disagree that the extreme position of “all people would smooth consumption perfectly” is very unlikely to be true. However, I find the comment “people don’t smooth consumption over their lifetime” equally extreme.

It sounds like we agree on this in the first place – but I would like to note that the assumption of perfect consumption smooth was never, and does not need to be, made anywhere in what I have said.

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By: rauparaha http://www.tvhe.co.nz/2010/02/10/an-unseen-cost-of-shifting-from-income-tax-to-gst/#comment-22950 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 04:12:26 +0000 http://www.tvhe.co.nz/?p=4741#comment-22950 “Furthermore, my comment was in response to you stating that “people don’t smooth consumption over their lifetime”, a statement that I believe is patently false.”

I don’t think it’s patently false, just unqualified as it stands. To be more specific, I wouldn’t deny that there is SOME smoothing done, but current consumption isn’t independent of current income. No model where consumption is a function only of lifetime income can explain observed consumption patterns.

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By: Matt Nolan http://www.tvhe.co.nz/2010/02/10/an-unseen-cost-of-shifting-from-income-tax-to-gst/#comment-22947 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 02:55:06 +0000 http://www.tvhe.co.nz/?p=4741#comment-22947 @rauparaha

“I have no doubt that credit constraints are part of the explanation; however, it would be rash to presume that they are the primary reason why consumption follows income over people’s lifetimes”

I agree that people consumption tilt for sure, that is part of impatience 😉 . However, I also believe that people consumption smooth.

“I’m not disagreeing with the point of your post, merely adding that there are many other considerations when thinking about lifetime welfare and consumption smoothing.”

Also agreed. However, the welfare cost I wanted to discuss stems from the specific issue of credit constraints – hence why I focused on that.

Furthermore, my comment was in response to you stating that “people don’t smooth consumption over their lifetime”, a statement that I believe is patently false.

“Note also that Thaler’s estimates were based on a behavioural consumption model, so his estimates aren’t directly comparable to standard estimates of MPC.”

Interesting. Wouldn’t mind having a look at that tbh, the methodology of behavioural models fascinates me – mainly because it feel fresh methinks.

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By: rauparaha http://www.tvhe.co.nz/2010/02/10/an-unseen-cost-of-shifting-from-income-tax-to-gst/#comment-22946 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 02:44:07 +0000 http://www.tvhe.co.nz/?p=4741#comment-22946 @Matt Nolan
I have no doubt that credit constraints are part of the explanation; however, it would be rash to presume that they are the primary reason why consumption follows income over people’s lifetimes. For an obvious example you have to go no further than the huge drop in consumption when people retire.

I’m not disagreeing with the point of your post, merely adding that there are many other considerations when thinking about lifetime welfare and consumption smoothing.

Note also that Thaler’s estimates were based on a behavioural consumption model, so his estimates aren’t directly comparable to standard estimates of MPC.

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By: Matt Nolan http://www.tvhe.co.nz/2010/02/10/an-unseen-cost-of-shifting-from-income-tax-to-gst/#comment-22941 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 01:21:27 +0000 http://www.tvhe.co.nz/?p=4741#comment-22941 @rauparaha

Thaler …

Lots of people have done estimates, and Thaler’s estimates were by far the most extreme. Mankiw and Barro have both written a bunch of stuff on it.

Furthermore, we have to ask what causes the MPC from current income to be positive (for unchanged lifetime income). One of the major explanations is … credit constraints. As a result, if Thaler’s results are true it might indicate that the credit constraint is EXTREMELY binding – which would imply that the welfare cost is HIGHER.

Party times had by all.

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By: rauparaha http://www.tvhe.co.nz/2010/02/10/an-unseen-cost-of-shifting-from-income-tax-to-gst/#comment-22940 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 01:18:21 +0000 http://www.tvhe.co.nz/?p=4741#comment-22940 Now this post illustrates what I was saying in the other comment thread: people don’t smooth consumption over their lifetime. Didn’t Thaler have a paper saying how the MPC from current income was close to 1 and the MPC from future income was close to 0? In this case, it might mean that the welfare loss is lower than you might otherwise expect.

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By: Matt Nolan http://www.tvhe.co.nz/2010/02/10/an-unseen-cost-of-shifting-from-income-tax-to-gst/#comment-22937 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:55:45 +0000 http://www.tvhe.co.nz/?p=4741#comment-22937 “but I’d warn against taking the proportion of students currently maxed out on student loans as evidence of anything”

Agreed. I know plenty of people that maxed out and just put it in a savings account.

“Of course, the problem could be solved entirely by adding provision for greater loans at market interest rates”

Agreed. Although I would prefer it if they waited till I’d payed back a bit more of my debt 😛

However, if I remove my self-interest I would suggest they should do it immediately.

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By: Eric Crampton http://www.tvhe.co.nz/2010/02/10/an-unseen-cost-of-shifting-from-income-tax-to-gst/#comment-22936 Wed, 10 Feb 2010 00:53:12 +0000 http://www.tvhe.co.nz/?p=4741#comment-22936 Guess we’ll have to see how they plan on running that compensation. I think you’re right that reductions in the top rate will have to come from property – there’s only rats and mice money left on GST after running the lower bracket compensation.

There could be a credit constraint, but I’d warn against taking the proportion of students currently maxed out on student loans as evidence of anything. Of course, the problem could be solved entirely by adding provision for greater loans at market interest rates (along with a ball and chain to keep them from fleeing the country without paying debts, I suppose). Not that you’re taking those numbers as evidence. But that a majority of my students were on no loans prior to 0% suggests constraints are generally non-binding.

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